xii CONTENTS. 



PAR. PAGE 



c. Small Rodentia. 



52. Damage done by Mice and Voles, - - 99 



53. Preventive and Protective Measures, - 101 



54. Damage done by Squirrels and Tree-mice, 103 



B. Birds (Aves). 



55. Damage done by Birds, - - 105 



56. Preventive and Protective Measures, - - 107 



C. Insects (Insecta). 



57. General Remarks concerning Insects, - 108 



58. The Life-history of Forest Insects in General, 109 



59. Influences Favourable and Unfavourable to their Increase ; Enemies, 113 



60. Preventive Measures in General, - - 117 



61. Exterminative Measures in General, - 119 



62. Treatment of Damaged Timber Crops, and of Timber felled in con- 



sequence of Injuries, - 127 



63. Classification of the Injurious Forest Insects, - 129 



A. SPECIES OCCURRING ON CONIFEROUS TREES PRINCIPALLY. 



I. BEETLES (COLEOPTERA). 

 A. Bark-beetles (Scolytidce). 



64. Of Bark-beetles (Scoly tides) in general, - 132 



(a). True Bark-beetles (Bostrichini). 



65. The Eight-toothed Spruce Bark-beetle, Bostrichus (Tomicus) 



typographies, - 137 



66. The Six-toothed Spruce Bark-beetle, Bostrichus (Tomicus) chalco- 



graphus, 140 



67. The Large Twelve-toothed Pine Bark-beetle, Bostrichus stenographus 



(Tomicus) sexdentatus, - - - 141 



68. The Two-toothed Pine Bark-beetle, Bostrichus bidens (Tomicus 



bidentatus), 142 



69. The Crooked-toothed Silver Fir Bark -beetle, Bostrichus (Tomicus} 



curvidens, ----------- 143 



70. The Many- toothed Larch Bark-beetle, Bostrichus (Tomicus) laricis, - 144 



71. The Three-striped Bark-beetle, Bostrichus (Xyloterus) lineatus, 145 



(6). Cambial Beetles (Hylesinini). 



72. The Large Pine Cambial Beetle, Hylesinus (Hylurgus) piniperda, 146 



73. The Small Pine Shoot-boring or Cambial Beetle, Hylesinus minor, - 149 



74. Other Cambial Beetles, Hylesini, 150 



