146 PROTECTION OF WOODLANDS. 



Its generation is also twofold during one year. 



The damage which can be done to valuable timber by this 

 wood-boring beetle is somewhat considerable ; but as, fortunately, 

 the galleries do not go very deep into the wood, they are for the 

 most part confined to the less valuable sapwood. 



Besides laying down decoy-stems as breeding- places in summer, 

 and then removing or charring these, the best means of prevent- 

 ing extensive reproduction of, and consequent damage by, this 

 insect consist in the carting away of valuable timber that has 

 been felled during winter, before the first swarming takes place in 

 spring ; or if too late for that, then timely removal of stems 

 in which ova have been deposited, and barking of the stems, 

 or splitting up of fuel sections are recommended, in order that the 

 young brood may perish owing to the dryness of the timber. 



(5.) CAMBIAL BEETLES (Eylesinini). 



72. The large Pine Shoot-boring Beetle or Scots Pine Cambial 

 Beetle, Hylesinus (Hylurgus] piniperda. 1 



(Vide Plate I. figs. 4 and 14.) 



This beetle is from 016 to 018 inches in length, almost cylindri- 

 cal, mostly glossy black, or at anyrate dark brown in colour, with 

 a black thorax, and bright brown antennae and legs. The elytra 

 have rows of very fine punctures, the spaces between which are 

 wrinkled with punctures and small knobs, and have a row of 

 little excrescences bearing tufts of thick hair, like brushes. The 

 second space on each front wing, however, has no excrescence at 

 its termination, and thus appears somewhat indented or slightly 

 pressed in, thereby differing characteristically from H. minor. 



Flattening and tooth-like processes at the end of the outer wings, 

 as in the case of all the bark-beetles, are wanting, so that a 

 distinction can easily be made between the Hylesinini and the 

 Bostrichini ; but, on the other hand, the distinctions between the 

 cambial beetles themselves are made much more difficult owing 

 to the absence of such marks. 



The Pine beetle swarms very early, as early as March in good 



1 For a detailed account of this beetle, vide Transactions of the Highland 

 Agricultural Society for 1891, Fifth Series, vol. iii. pp. 31-43. Trans. 



