DAMAGE CAUSED BY ANIMALS. 181 



to look for them below the place at which the twig breaks, as 

 they often lie somewhat lower down than that. 



84. The Pine-bud Tortrix or Bud-lwlloiver, Tortrix (Eetinia) 



turionana. 



The Pine-bud Tortrix is very much like the Pine-shoot Tortrix, 

 but somewhat smaller. The upper wings are a mixture of bluish- 

 grey and ruddy-brown, the former colour being shot through the 

 latter in the shape of patches and bands, whilst the fringes round 

 the edge are of a dark bluish-grey ; the hind wings are grey, with 

 greyish-white fringed edges. The lower side of the upper wings is 

 of a blackish-grey colour, with patches of red towards the tip, and 

 of greyish- white towards the upper edge ; that of the lower wings 

 is greyish-white, but somewhat darker towards the upper edge. 



The caterpillar is about 0'4 inches long, and both caterpillar 

 and chrysalis strongly resemble those of Tortrix luoliana. The 

 attacks of this insect are also practically confined to young Scots 

 Pine woods of from 6 to 15 years of age. The moths swarm about 

 the end of May, and deposit their ova singly on the terminal buds 

 of the young shoots, into which the young caterpillars bore their 

 way when they issue from the shell ; during the autumn and 

 the following spring they hollow it out, so that it either dies, or 

 can only develop very slightly before dying. About the end of 

 April the caterpillar enters into the pupal state of rest within 

 the hollowed-out bud, which it fills with the fine threads of 

 its cocoon. 



This insect seldom occurs in such large numbers as the Pine- 

 shoot Tortrix ; and as it does not often happen that all the side- 

 buds forming the whorl are injured, one of these generally assumes 

 the role of leading-shoot, thus materially minimising the actual 

 damage done. 



When the occurrence of damage is at all frequent, or in any 

 way considerable, annihilative measures should be adopted. The 

 only good remedies are a careful revision of the thickets during 

 April and May, like that adopted simultaneously or a little later 

 in the case of the Pine-shoot Tortrix, and the breaking off of buds 

 that are seen to be infested with the worm. 



