34 THE FRUIT -SPUR 



simple twig is plainly of two years' growth, for 

 the "ring" between the old and new wood is 

 seen at B. The main stem from the base to B 

 grew in 1895 (the picture was made in January, 

 1897), and the part from B to the tip grew in 

 1896. The buds on these two parts look very 

 unlike. Let us see what these differences mean. 



We must now picture to ourselves how this 

 shoot from B to 10 looked last summer while it 

 was growing. The shoot bore leaves, one below 

 each bud; or, to be more exact, one bud developed 

 just above each leaf. These buds did not put out 

 leaves. They grew to their present size and then 

 stopped (see //*, Fig. 6). 



What are these buds of the tip shoot propos- 

 ing to do in 1897 f We can answer this question 

 by going back one year and seeing what the buds 

 on the lower (or older) part of the shoot did in 

 1896, as we did in Figs. 5 and 6. Upon that 

 part (below B) the buds seem to have increased 

 in size. Therefore, they must have grown last 

 year. There were no leaves borne below these 

 buds in 1896, but a cluster of leaves came out of 

 each bud in the spring. As these leaves expanded 

 and grew, the little bud grew on; that is, each 

 bud grew into a tiny branch, and when fall came 

 each of these branches had a bud on its end to 

 continue the growth in the year to come. What 

 we took to be simple buds at 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, are 

 therefore little branches (compare Fig. 9). 



