IIAK'DY ON I'AL.W/ITKS 



x.ontal leaders are shortened in August, and then left six 



or eight inches in length; but if the trees are to be kept 



i feet in height under root -pruning, this 



leading shoot may be shortened to two inches, or even 



cut close down to its base. For tall pyramids of ten, 



twelve, or fifteen feet, it may be left from eight to ten 



inches in length till the required height be attained; it 



may then be cut to within two inches of its base every 



- >n." 



The methods to be pursued in the training of 

 trees <>n espaliers may be explained by a concrete 

 example. I choose an extract from Hardy* re- 

 s PIT ring the training of a palmette on an espa- 

 lier. A simple palmette is a plant with a single 

 erect stem and a number of side branches, as in 

 Fig. 235 ; a vertical -branched palmette or can- 

 delabrum is shown in Fig. 237. 



" We endeavor to obtain three branches, one to continue 



the growth of the trunk, the two others to furnish two 



loueM lateral branches. To secure this result, we will 



' a bud [head-in the shoot] about thirty centimeters 



[;i centimeter is nearly two-fifths of an inch] from the 



ground. The middle bud will push a shoot upwards and 



the two others obliquely, but not too near the horizontal, 



so that they can make a vigorous growth. There is nothing 



to do during the growing season, if the equilibrium 



Let \\.-en them maintains itself. 



"The vertical-branched palmette does best in soils of 

 medium quality, as well as for high walls. In the first c;ise. 

 the vei-ticality of the main branches assures to the last a 



*J. A. H:inly, " Trait t- <! la Taille des Arl.n-s Fruiters," Paris, 1865, 



IL".), l:;7. On,- .,f the l.-.-t Looks on tin- subject. 



