362 SOME SPECIFIC MODES OF TRAINING 



more sustained vegetation than when they are horizontal. 

 In the second case, they more promptly cover the wall, for 

 with this form we can plant the trees very close to each 

 other, a meter [about forty inches] or a meter and a quarter 

 apart, according to the distance which we leave between 



237. Candelabrum espalier pear tree. 



the branches ; the more we stretch out the framework the 

 more the sap is reserved for a less number of branches. 



"The manner of establishing this form scarcely differs 

 from that of the simple palmette. The first year we trim 

 as described in the first paragraph, only that instead of 

 obtaining two oblique lateral shoots, as there described, it 

 is necessary to cut the stem back to only about forty centi- 

 meters, and we train the two branches (A) up vertically. 

 * * * The second year we pinch the shoot to obtain the 

 second pair of branches about twenty centimeters above the 



