416 AMERICAN GRAPE TRAINING 



right grower, and especially well adapted to 

 upright training, may be set eight feet apart, and 

 Delawares are often set as close as six or eight 

 feet. It is doubtful, however, if any variety 

 should be set less than eight feet apart for trellis 

 culture. In Virginia and southward, where the 

 growth is large because of the long seasons, vines 

 are often set more than ten feet apart. In the 

 South, the rows should run north and south, that 

 the fruit may be shaded from midday sun. The 

 only summer heading -in now generally recom- 

 mended is the clipping of the tips when they fall 

 over and begin to touch the ground. This clip- 

 ping is often done with a sickle or sharp corn- 

 c utter. 



MAKING THE TRELLIS 



The fall or winter following the planting of the 

 vineyard, the trellis is begun if the upright sys- 

 tems are used (see Chapter VIII.) ; but this opera- 

 tion is usually delayed a year longer in the Kniffin 

 systems, and stakes are commonly used, or at 

 least recommended, during the second season. In 

 the South the trellis is made the first year. The 

 style of trellis will depend upon the style of train- 

 ing, but the main features are the same for all. 



Strong posts of some durable timber, as cedar, 

 locust or oak, are placed at such distance apart 

 that two vines can be set between each two. If 

 the vines are set nine feet apart, the posts may be 



