432 AMERICAN GRAPE TRAINING, CONCLUDED 



designating the direction of the bearing shoots.* 

 The upright systems carry two or more canes or 

 arms along a low horizontal wire, or sometimes 

 obliquely across a trellis from below upwards, and 

 the shoots are tied up, as they grow, to t'he wires 

 above. The horizontal systems carry up a per- 

 pendicular cane or arm, or sometimes two or 

 more, from which the shoots are carried out hori- 

 zontally, and are tied to perpendicular wires or 

 posts. The drooping systems, represented in the 

 Kniffin and post -training, carry the canes or arms 

 up on a high horizontal wire or trellis, and allow 

 the shoots to hang without tying. To one or 

 another of these types all the systems of American 

 grape training can be referred. 



There is no system of training which is best for 

 all purposes and all varieties. The strong -grow- 

 ing varieties more readily adapt themselves to the 

 high, drooping systems than the weaker varieties, 

 although the Delaware is often trained on a com- 

 paratively low Kniffin with good effect. The liigh 

 or drooping systems are of comparatively recent 

 origin, and their particular advantages are the sav- 

 ing of labor in summer tying, cheapness of the 

 trellis, and the facility with which the ground can 

 be cultivated without endangering the branches of 

 the vine. The upright training distributes the 

 bearing wood more evenly upon the vine, and is 



* Classification first made in the original edition of ^American Urapa 

 Training." 



