440 AMERICAN GRAPE TRAINING, CONCLUDED 



small amount of old or permanent wood which is 

 left to each vine. 



The true horizontal arm training is less popular 

 than it was twenty years ago. It has serious 

 faults, especially in the persistence of the old 



278. Chautauqua or Brocton training. 



spurs, and probably will eventually give place 

 to other systems. Aside from the spur -pruning, 

 the system is much like the following 1 , which is 

 a modification to allow of renewal, and to which 

 the reader is referred for further details. This 

 modification, which may be called the High IV- 

 newal,* and which is one of the most serviceable 



Term first used in the original edition of "American Grape Train- 

 ing," 1893. 



