462 AMERICAN GRAPE TRAINING, CONCLUDED 



wires. But most growers now prefer to leave the 

 upper canes longer than the lower ones, as seen 



in illustration. The 

 bearing shoots are al- 

 lowed to hang at will, 

 so that no summer 

 tying is necessary; this 

 is the distinguishing 

 mark of the various 

 Kniffin systems. The 

 main trunk is tied to 

 each wire, and the 

 canes are tied to the 

 wires in spring. This 

 system possesses the 

 great advantage, there- 

 fore, of requiring little 

 labor during the busy 

 days of the growing 

 season ; and the vines 

 are easily cultivated, 

 and if the rows are 

 nine or ten feet apart, 

 currants or other bush- 

 fruits can be grown be- 

 tween. The system is 



294. No. 293 when pruned. especially adapted to 



the strong varieties of 



grapes, particularly to those which are most droop- 

 ing. For further comparisons of the merits of 



