466 AMERICAN GRAPE TRAINING, CONCLUDED 



the trunk at the lower wire the first year of 

 permanent training, and to carry it to the top 

 wire the following year. 



Yields from good Kniffin vines will average fully 

 as high and perhaps higher than from other 

 species of training. W. D. Barns, of Orange 

 county, New York, has had an annual average of 

 twenty -six pounds of Concords to the vine for 

 nine years, 1,550 vines being considered in the 

 calculation. While the Delaware is not so well 

 suited to the Kniffin system as stronger varieties, 

 it can nevertheless be trained in this manner with 

 success, as the following average yields obtained 

 by Mr. Barns from 200 vines set in 1881 will 

 show : 



1887 



%Yi pounds to the vine. 

 11% 



8 



1890 7 



1891 1C 



1892 . . . . 13 



MODIFICATIONS OF THE FOUR -CANE KNIFFIN. 

 Various modifications of this original four -cane 

 Kniffin are in use. The Kniffin idea is often 

 carelessly applied to a rack trellis. In such cases, 

 several canes were allowed to grow where only 

 two should have been left. Fig. 295 is a com- 

 mon but poor style of Kniffin used in some of 

 the large new vineyards of western New York. 

 It differs from the type in the training of the 



