516 VINIFERA GRAPE TRAINING 



varieties of small growth, which bear small 

 bunches, and principally on the upper eyes, and 

 to varieties of larger growth in hilly or poor soils. 

 One of its main objections is that . it renders 

 some varieties more liable to sunburn. 



It will be noticed that the long -pruned vines 

 are represented in the figures as having much 

 fewer arms than the short -pruned. This is 

 necessary and important. In order to maintain 

 a well-balanced vine, and keep it under control, 

 there should be only about as many arms as long 

 canes, or at. most one or two more. 



[The views in Figs. 323, 324 show the long- 

 pruning or "pruning to a high stake." They 

 are supplied by Professor Wickson. L. H. B.] 



TYPES IV., V. AND VI. The three styles of 

 pruning so far described have been fairly thor- 

 oughly tested in California, and each has been 

 found applicable to certain varieties and conditions. 

 There are some varieties, however, which do not 

 give good results with any of these systems. This 

 is the case with many valuable table grapes, espe- 

 cially when grown in rich valley soil, where they 

 should do best. For these cases some modification 

 of the French cordon system is to be recom- 

 im'iided. Little trial of this method has been made 

 as yt>t, but what has been done is very promising. 

 The tendency of many grapes to coulure is over- 

 come, and rich soils arc made to produce crops in 

 proportion to their richness. The method consists 



