6 PP.ELIHJNART DEFINITIONS. 



43. A REGULAR or NORMAL FOREST is one which consists of con-- 

 veniently distributed regular crops forming a series the members 

 of which represent respectively every successive stage of growth 

 from the nascent plant to the tree fit for felling, and covering more 

 or less equal areas or areas of more or less equal productive power, 

 In the contrary case the forest is said to be IRREGULAR or ABNORMAL, 

 e.g. all our present natural forests. 



44. To EXPLOIT a forest or crop means to fell it in accordance 

 with the principles of sylviculture. The noun EXPLOITATION corres- 

 ponds to the verb just defined, 



45. To REGENERATE a forest signifies to produce a new crop in 

 place of the old exploited one ; and the REGENERATION of a forest 

 is accordingly synonymous with the substitution of the one crop for 

 the other. 



46. The regeneration of a forest or crop is said to be NATURAL 

 or ARTIFICIAL, according as the new crop is entirely or for the most 

 part the immediate consequence of the exploitation of the old one, 

 or is due exclusively to means extraneous to, and independent of, 

 the old crop and its exploitation. 



47. Regeneration, broadly speaking, may be obtained either (i) 

 from seed, or (ii) from stools, roots and rhizomes. When the form- 

 er is the case, we have the HIGH FOREST REGIME ; and when the new 

 ci'op consists of stool-shoots, suckers or culms, we have the COPPICE 

 REGIME. The regime hence depends on the manner in which re- 

 generation is obtained. 



48. With the same regime, different methods of culture may be 

 adopted, each constituting a separate METHOD TREATMENT. 



49. The name REGROWTH will be specially given to the new crop 

 obtained by coppice regeneration (vide supra under definition 29), 



50. By ROTATION is meant the interval of years that is allowed to 

 elapse between the first appearance of a crop and its final removal, 

 accompanied or not, as the case may be, by the establishment of a 

 new generation. 



It is obvious tbat the existence of a rotatiou necessarily implies the more or less 

 simultaneous appearance of the old generation, and a similarly more or less simul- 

 taneous removal of that generation and establishment of the new one. There can 

 henee be no rotation in the case of forests subject to jardinage 



51. The various species composing a mixed forest maybe dis- 

 tinguished into three several classes PRINCIPAL, AUXILIARY and 

 ACCESSORY. 



