PRELIMINARY DEFINITIONS. 7 



The PRINCIPAL species (there may be one or more) is that which 

 from the superior value of the produce it yields, and the general 

 suitability of the prevailing conditions for its favourable growth, 

 necessarily determines and regulates the rotation, regime, and me- 

 thod of treatment to be adopted in a forest. 



Of the remaining valuable species well distributed throughout 

 the forest, or capable of being generally introduced there, those are 

 qualified as AUXILIARY, which, from generally possessing different 

 requirements from the principal species, utilize space both in the 

 soil and in the leaf-canopy not occupied by the latter, and, in doing 

 so, promote and improve its growth. (See Chapter V, Section III 

 infra*) 



All the other species, that are neither principal nor auxiliary, may 

 be termed ACCESSORY. These are either too slightly distributed, or 

 do not attain a sufficiently large size in the forest in question, or 

 yield produce of too little value to influence in any permanent 

 manner the working and treatment of the forest. 



Thus in teak forest, teak would be the principal species j Dalbergia latifolia, Ter~ 

 minalia tomentosa, Schleichera trijuga, Pterocarpus Marsupium, Anogeissus latifolia, 

 &c., the auxiliary species ; and Sterculia urens, Odina Wodier, Cochlospermum Gossy- 

 piuin, &c., the accessory species. In special cases, however, in the present state of 

 the market, Dalbefgia latifolia and some other trees Classed as auxiliary (e.g., Hard- 

 wickia linata, Pterocarpus Marsupium, &( .,) provided they are aV.undant enough, may 

 become principal species in company with the teak. Again in sal forest, sal would 

 be the principal species ; Schleichera trijuga, Lagerstrcemia parviflora, Adina cordifo- 

 lia, cfcc., the auxiliary species ; and the Tetrantheras, Phosbe lanceolata, Buchanania 

 latifolia, Semecarpns Anacardium, Mallotus philippinensis, <L-c., the accessory species. 

 Lastly, in deouar forest, deodar would of course be the principal species ; the spruce 

 fir, oaks, Pinus excelsa, &c., the auxiliary species ; and species of Rosacece, Cornacece, 

 Celastrinece, maples, hollies, &c., would compose the accessory class. 



52. A COUPE is any area in which a felling or cutting has been 

 or is to be made, and the produce obtained from the felling is 

 collectively termed the YIELD or OUTTURN. 



53. To CLEAN- or CLEAR-FELL a coupe means to remove in a 

 single operation the entire crop standing on that coupe, the corres- 

 ponding operation being termed a CLEAN- or CLEAR-FELLING. 



54. When a coupe is not clean-felled, the trees left standing 

 are the STORES or STANDARDS, which may collectively be termed 

 the RESERVE. Such a coupe may be styled a STORED COUPE. 

 When the reserve is spared long enough for a new forest crop to 

 establish itself under it, this lower crop constitutes the UNDERWOOD. 

 As distinguished from underwood the term UNDERGROWTH is gene- 

 ric in its signification, and includes, besides the underwood, all 

 brushwood, bushes, herbage, &c. standing under any loftier crop of 

 trees. 



