24, THE STRUGGLE FOE EXISTENCE. 



complete the whole of their development in height as well as in 

 thickness within a few weeks of a single season. 



Examples of the First Case. 



Natural instances of the First Case may be found in bamboo 

 forests, in the tamarisk forests and some of the babul forests of Sindh, 

 and in' most of the stretches of pure sissu or of pure khair found on 

 inlands and reaches of streams issuing from the Himalayas. An- 

 other striking instance is offered by copses of a single species that 

 are clear-felled, in which practically all the stool-shoots spring up 

 the very first season following the exploitation. With them must 

 of course be included the forest standing on land at one time sub- 

 jected to the barbarous system of cultivation known under the vari- 

 ous names of jhiim (Assam-Bengal), taungya (Burma), son, lidi 

 (Shan country), Ml, khil, kardi (N. W. Himalayas), dliaya, bewa 

 (Central India), kutuMr (Tamil), punokar (Canarese), kumri (South- 

 ern Maratha Country, Mysore, Coorg), Tekal (Mysore) Chma 

 (Singhalese) &c., which consists in clearing and burning off all the 

 veo-etation on the ground, raising one or two crops on the ashes, 

 and then taking up fresh areas, not to return until the forest is 

 a "-am old enough to yield a sufficient supply of ashes. Such are 

 many of the pure teak copses of the Sathpuras, &c. 



As artificial examples of this Case we may quote plantations 

 formed of a single species. 



SECTION II. 



SECOND CASE. Pure crop composed of individuals of all 



ages. 



In this Case there is never, as we have seen frequently occur in 

 the, one just treated, any lull or relaxation in the mutual struggle 

 for existence between the various plants composing the crop, for 

 new individuals are every moment being produced under or in im- 

 mediate contact with those already on the ground, and every stage 

 and phase of growth is constantly represented. The sole point of dif- 

 ference between the present and preceding Cases is the practically 

 unlimited disparity between the ages and dimensions of the various 

 individuals of the crop, but this disparity is by itself a sufficiently 

 powerful factor to modify considerably the action of all the other 

 causes influencing the progressive growth of the crop. The deter- 

 mining conditions for the survival of the fittest are, therefore 



