CHAPTER I. 



PRELIMINARY DEFINITIONS- 



1 A CUTTING is a severed branch or portion of a branch or 

 stem, that is partially or entirely put into the ground, where it 

 then strikes root. 



2. A LAYER is also a branch or portion of a branch or stem, 

 which is, however, first placed in contact with soil at some point 

 below the growing extremity, and is not severed from the parent 

 plant until after it has taken root. 



3. To TRANSPLANT means simply to remove a plant from any 

 one point to any other, and the plant so removed, or taken out of 

 the ground to be so removed, is termed a TRANSPLANT. 



A transplant may hence be either a seedling, a rooted slip, a layer, a sucker or a 

 rhizonie with or without its culm. 



4. As said before (Definition 46, page 6), a forest may be 

 created or regenerated either artificially or naturally or both arti- 

 ficially and naturally. When natural means 'alone are employed, 

 the resulting crop will be composed of untransplanted seedlings 

 sprung from self-sown seeds or of coppice shoots or of both. 



5. When artificial means are resorted to, the propagation is 

 effected either by direct sowing or by planting. 



In DIRECT SOWING, as the term implies, the seed is placed in the 

 ground in the forest itself which is to be created or regenerated, 

 and at the point itself which the seedling is intended finally to 

 occupy. 



The meaning of the term "planting" is too obvious to require a 

 formal definition. In planting we are strictly speaking limited to 

 the use of transplants alone, but the term is also applied to the 

 putting down of unrooted cuttings. 



6. A YEARLING is any plant that is less thanftwo years old. 



7. A PLANTATION is, strictly speaking, a forest composed ex- 

 clusively of transplants, but the term is also 'commonly used both 

 in official and forester's language, to denote a forest raised by 

 direct sowing. 



This ambiguity, which is very much to be deplored, cannot now 

 be remedied ; but, when a distinction is necessary the term DIRECT 

 SOWING may be employed to denote that the plantation in ques- 

 tion has been raised from seeds sown in situ. 



