215 



3 inches with a chisel, which is kept in the cleft until! the scions 

 have heen inserted. On its withdrawal the stock closes firmly 

 upon the scions. The stock should then be carefully tied up and 

 the union and the top of the stock covered over as usual. This 

 method of grafting is very simple and easily executed, and rarely 

 fails ; but it favours decomposition in the centre of the stock. 



E. Saddle Grafting. 



Saddle grafting (Fig. 61) is the inverse of cleft grafting, the 

 apex ot the stock being cut in the form of a wedge which exactly 

 fits into a slit cut into the base of the scion. It is evident that 

 the stock and the scion must be of one and the same diameter 

 throughout the entire line of union, a coincidence not easily 

 secured. 



F. Budding-. 



Budding differs from all other methods of grafting in that the 

 scion contains no wood at all, and consists only of a bud with a 

 smaller or larger piece of the bark attached. In budding special 

 knives (Fig. 62, A and B) are used, the lower extremity of the 

 handles of which is made of bone or ivoiv or some hard flexible 



/ 



wood, and is shape 1 like the end of a paper knife. 



According to the shape of the piece of bark and the mode in 

 which it is worked on the stock, there are four principal methods 

 of budding as follow : 



(i) T or Ordinary Shield-Budding (Fig. 63). The piece of 

 bark is in the form of a shield from f to ^ in. long and ^ to ^ irr. 

 broad. In the bark of the stock, where the bud is to be inserted, 

 a T-shaped incision (jB) is made, the cross and upright bars of the 

 T being slightly longer than the width and length respectively of 

 the shield of bark. With the sharpened extremity of the handle 

 of the budding-knife, the bark (b,!>) is gently lifted away from the 

 wood and the bud-bearing shield is then inserted beneath these 

 lifted edges so that the top of the shield fits accurately up against 

 the bark of the stock immediately above the cross bar of the T 

 (C). The overlapping bark (b+k) is then pressed firmly over the 

 shield, a ligature is tied on as shown at (D), and the entire union 

 is then covered over with grafting wax or ordinary crude resin 

 applied with a brush. The bud must of course remain exposed. 

 The T-shaped incision may be made inverted as represented at E 

 (Inverted T-budding). T-buddiug is very successful with orange* 

 and roses. 



(ii) Square-Shield Budding (Fig. 64). Here the piece of 



