LIFTING OF TRANSPLANTS. 295 



In areas of limited extent equilateral triangles may be laid out 

 with the help of two straight bamboos or poles, each equal in 

 length to the side of the given triangle. One of the poles is first 

 laid on the ground in the middle of the area and pegs driven in at 

 its extremities. Then both poles should be so placed on one side 

 of this line as to form with it an equilateral triangle, the apex of 

 which should be staked. Similarly the apex of the equilateral 

 triangle on the other side should be marked. We thus obtain a 

 nucleus of two triangles, by producing the sides of which eithev 

 way and measuring off new distances, we complete the required 

 network of equilateral triangles. 



The laying out of planting spots according to modifications of 

 the square and rectangular system, as for instance the check pat- 

 tern (Fig. 102), &c., will obviously be effected on the same 

 principles as those systems themselves. 



ON BROKEN OR HILLY GROUND. Here the formation of square 

 or rectangular compartments is of course out of the question and 

 work will obviously be done most conveniently by taking as the 

 working unit either one side of a drainage basin or the whole of a 

 small basin or the area between two small drainage lines. More- 

 over the three elementary forms of arrangement of the planting- 

 spots (with their modifications), now rendered impossible by the 

 slope of the ground, must be given up for the same disposition as 

 that of sowing patches. 



SECTION VII. 

 Lifting of transplants. 



The lifting up of seedlings to be planted out in nursery lines 

 has been described on pp. 200-201. The procedure here is just 

 the same. But, whereas in a nursery we command every condi- 

 tion necessary for success, in putting out into the forest, on the 

 other hand, the distance of transport may reach several hundreds 

 of miles, the plants, after arrival at destination, may have to be 

 kept for several days before they are used, and the suitability of 

 the soil and locality and the propitiousness of the weather and 

 other attendant conditions are factors, over which the forester can 

 exercise little or no control. Hence much greater care must he 

 observed in preserving the roots and in causing as little injury as 

 possible to the plants, especially if they are large seedlings or are 

 suckers, rooted cuttings and layers, all of which possess less tena- 

 city than seedlings. 



Indeed it will often be necessary to take out large transplants 



