THE THREE GREAT SYSTEMS OF REGENERATION COMPARED. 405 



Artificial Regeneration. 



generation without any 

 blank interval; but there is 

 always a period of waiting, 

 while the young crop is 

 establishing itself. 



6. Completeness of the 

 new generation mathemati- 

 cally regulated. 



Natural Regeneration by 

 Seed. 



new generation is always a 

 gradual process, being the 

 accumulated results of seve- 

 ral years' work, and often 

 even of several years' seed- 

 fall. 



Completeness of the new 

 generation always uncer- 

 tain. 



7. Hence possibility of 

 organising annually recur- 

 ring work of a single kind, 

 and of making the forest as 

 regular as possible. 



8. Hence great simplici- 

 ty of work generally a 

 single clear-felling immedi- 

 ately followed by sowing or 

 planting. 



Work in any year depends 

 on the characteristics of the 

 season, and hence the an- 

 nual operations cannot be 

 prescribed in detail before- 

 hand, but must vary from 

 year to year with the ab- 

 undance and effectiveness 

 of the seeding. Hence also 

 the impossibility of con- 

 stituting a strictly regular 

 forest. 



Work complicated by 

 the generally numerous fel- 

 lings, differing among 

 themselves according to 

 the condition of the parent 

 crop and the success of the 

 seeding and depending on 

 so many contingencies that 

 have to be constantly 

 watched ; also by the fact 

 that the annual yield has to 

 be made up not only from 

 different classes of fellings, 

 but from several separate 

 areas. 



Regeneration by Coppice. 



mediate consequence of a 

 single clear-felling, and the 

 new crop may be said to be 

 established the very first 

 year. 



Completeness of the new 

 generation exactly anticipat- 

 ed, being at least equal to 

 that of the parent crop, and, 

 if there is room for spread- 

 ing, always greater. 



More effective than even 

 artificial regeneration, 

 thanks to (4) and (5). 



Extreme 

 work only 

 fellings. 



simplicity of 

 a single clear 



9. Hence all the work of 

 any year can be concentrat- 

 ed at a single point over a 

 comparatively small area, 

 thus making execution and 

 control easier and mere ef- 

 fective, felling, conversion 

 and export more convenient 

 and cheaper, and sales rea- 

 dier and more remunerative. 



10. Hence calls for only 

 a moderate amount of skill 

 on the part of the forester, 

 if we except the case of an 

 originally blank area, which 

 indeed, as said above, could 

 be stocked with forest 

 under no other system. 



Owing to its dispersion 

 and complexity, work is 

 slow and tedious and dif- 

 ficult to organise and con- 

 trol, and the net value of 

 the produce of the felling 

 is thereby unfavourably 

 affected 



Jardinage excluded, calls 

 for a very high degree of 

 technical skill and savoir 

 faire. 



Work being even simpler 

 and equally concentrated, 

 the same advantages are 

 secured as in artificial re- 

 generation and in fuller 

 measure. 



The wholesale style of 

 felling, which is itself the 

 immediate cause of the re- 

 generation, calls for little 

 exercise of technical skill 

 and judgment. 



