VEGETABLES AND MARKET-GARDENING. 185 



out first tearing it up and reseeding. Now, about the land 

 which you cau cultivate, — land which is good land, which you 

 call pasture-land, — all you have got to do is to take it iu, and 

 make it a part of your farm, plough it, till it, seed it down, 

 and the work is done. 



Adjourned to two o'clock. 



Afternoon Session. 



The Board met at two o'clock, and the discussion was 

 opened by a lecture on — 



VEGETABLE-GARDENING AND ROOT-CULTURE. 



BY BENJAMIN P. WARE. 



Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen of the State Board of 

 Agriculture: — The subject of vegetable-gardening and root- 

 culture has twice been presented to this Board within six 

 years, — very ably presented, — first, in 1870, by J. J. H. 

 Gregory of Marblehead, and in 1874, by O. B. Hadwen of 

 Worcester, both gentlemen of experience and ability, and it 

 may seem useless, perhaps, to go over the same ground again ; 

 but I suppose the importance of the subject is the apology, if 

 any is wanted, for again presenting it to your consideration. 

 I have no royal road to offer by which you may avoid labor 

 or the risk of disappointment in the culture of these crops, 

 but I have a life-long experience, and hope I may be able to 

 show, by that experience, some improved methods of culture, 

 having in view especially the saving of labor, as the cost of 

 labor is, apparently, the great obstacle to the success of the 

 Massachusetts farmer ; and I shall endeavor in my remarks to 

 show you some methods by which the same results may be 

 obtained, with, perhaps, in many cases, one-half the labor. 



I propose to speak upon the standard varieties of vegetables 

 that are grown, giving, as far as I know, the origin of them, the 

 most approved methods of culture, as I understand them, and 

 something in relation to the markets. First, 1 would like to 

 present to you the present condition of the market for vege- 



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