218 BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. 



other crop which does not require higher treatment and better 

 tillage, so well prepares land for grass. 



The treatment of mowing land varies. Dry hill land, sandy 

 soil, needs ploughing often, while moist, heavy, black loam, 

 with an occasional top-dressing, will hold good for years. 



Another point is this : Keep the cattle from the mowing- 

 field, and let the aftermath remain to protect the grass-roots 

 during winter, and, as a general thing, the sward will hold its 

 own. On the other hand, if the fields are grazed, give them 

 a top-dressing every year. 



If twenty cows are kept, as there should be, and $75 

 profit from each is realized, there will be an income of 

 $1,500 from the cows alone ; some claim to realize $100 profit 

 per cow, and others still more. 



Twenty fat hogs and ten veal calves sold, will add about 

 $600 more to the income from the farm ; and twenty pigs 

 should be raised and sold, adding at least $100 more. 



Ten beef cattle sold will make $500 more ; meanwhile ten 

 calves should be raised to replace those sent to the butcher 

 annually. 



When the sheep are clipped and the lambs sold, at least 

 $200 should be realized from them ; and all these, together 

 with the poultry and eggs sold, will easily bring up the total 

 income from the farm to the sum of $3,000. 



These few items I have named are comparatively few to 

 what might be given. 



Two hired men will be required to carry out this plan, — one 

 for the year, the other for eight months, — and they will cost 

 about $500; and a servant girl $200 more. With all this 

 theory, the proprietor must have a clear head and a practical 

 hand to engineer. 



Every farmer should be careful of the wastes of the farm ; 

 all the manure, both solid and liquid, should be collected in 

 the barn-celhir for composting. The droppings from the hen- 

 roost, most valuable of all, with the privy, should have a fresh 

 supply of earth often. The sink-drain should be carefully 

 scraped out to replenish the compost heap ; the wood-yard 

 cleared up, the wash from the road-side, and leaves from the 

 grove, all should be saved. Finally, everything of a fer- 

 tilizing character should be economized and composted in the 



