FARMS. 29 



spread on, grass seed sown, the bush harrow used to cover the 

 seed and smooth down the land, and nothing more will be re- 

 quired but to run over a heavy roller in April or May. Two 

 acres of this land were treated to a pound of improved turnip 

 seed to the acre at the same time the grass seed was sown. 

 The turnip seed sprang up rapidly, and now promises to pay 

 for manure, ploughing, and re-seeding. The young grass looks 

 promising for a crop next year. 



Four heavy-working oxen and three horses have been kept 

 for doing the work on the farm; though about one-half the 

 horse power has been used for carting ashes and soap for a 

 small soap establishment belonging to the farm and rented out, 

 and the waste ashes are taken for rent and horse hire. Milk 

 is sold, calves fattened or raised, to the amount of about three 

 hundred dollars a year. Young cattle, mostly of the North 

 Devon breed, have been bred to some extent, and sold for 

 breeding purposes. Cattle have, to some extent, been bought 

 in the fall to consume my surplus vegetables, such as would not 

 sell readily for table use, and others have been sold for beef 

 during winter. One man has been constantly employed on 

 the farm for the last five years. I hire him by the year, and 

 last year paid him one dollar per day, he finding his board and 

 lodging. Two other hands are employed for seven months in 

 the year, costing from five shillings to a dollar per day, in most 

 cases boarding themselves. My mowing the past season was 

 let out to be cut by the acre. The price paid was seventy-five 

 cents per acre, and it was done to my entire satisfaction. The 

 mowers found themselves. 



Cheap tenements are furnished for the laborers on the farm, 

 convenient to the buildings occupied by myself, and no farm 

 laborer has boarded in my family except a chore boy who has 

 been with me several years. Formerly we furnished board 

 and lodging for the farm help ; but, all things considered, we 

 find it more comfortable, if not as profitable, to furnish cheap 

 tenements conveniently located, and let the men board them- 

 selves. 



I will give the expenses and income of my farm the present 

 year ; and as your rules require me to make this return on or 

 before the first of November, I shall be obliged to estimate 



