UNDER DRAINAGE. 79 



Explanation. — K is the land drained. Formerly there was 

 an open drain where the main drain now is, running nearly the 

 whole length, to draw oil* the surface water. This drain caused 

 the loss of nearly a rod of land in width for its entire length, 

 besides being a great inconvenience in ploughing and working 

 around it, as it completely divided the field, and by no means 

 drained the land so as to admit of cultivating it. The soil was 

 so very wet and swampy that it was difficult to cross it with a 

 team, even in the dryest time, being at all times filled with the 

 cold water from the high land springs. In the spring it was gen- 

 erally covered with water, and, in fact, it was an entire waste, 

 besides subjecting me to the expense and inconvenience of this 

 open drain. 



A is the main drain, four hundred and fifty feet long from 

 the drains B on the side of the high land to P, the harbor ; it 

 is about three and a half feet deep except between the harbor 

 and the drain E, where, in consequence of a swell in the land, 

 it is about six feet deep. This drain is made eighteen inches 

 wide at the bottom; jamb rocks are laid on each side and 

 bridged over with flat rocks, leaving a flue beneath. The whole 

 is then covered a foot deep with small stones, which being 

 again covered slightly with fine shingle ballast* from the beach 

 to prevent the dirt sifting among the stones, the earth is shov- 

 elled in and levelled off. 



B B are two arms from the head of the main drain, each 

 seventy-five feet long, extending across the side of the high 

 land. 



C is a drain one hundred feet long, extending into the side 

 of the high land. 



D is a drain one hundred and twenty-five feet long, extending 

 along the side of the same high lands as C. 



E is a drain seventy-five feet long, extending into the high 

 land on the other side of the main drain. 



F is a drain seventy-five feet long, extending into the high 

 land. 



H H are two arms from the head of the drain F, each seventy - 



* Shingle ballast is the small stones worn smooth by the action of the wares 

 and driven upon the sea shore. 



