Woods and Forests 31 



area, and especially in Norfolk and East Yorkshire, and 

 in Scotland, in Berwickshire and East Lothian. Man- 

 golds and swedes are chiefly grown in England, and the 

 area of their cultivation is extending year by year. 



Owing to the decreased cultivation of cereals the 

 area of cultivated and permanent grass has grown in 

 proportion. Of course there have always been large 

 areas where the land is almost entirely covered with 

 grass, such as the western mountain regions of the 

 British Isles. In these districts, as a rule, the grass 

 forms permanent pasture ; but in other parts of our 

 country grass is found either as meadow land or coming 

 in rotation with other crops. A good deal of this 

 cultivated grass is used for hay, but not so much in 

 Scotland, where the cool and rainy summers have an 

 adverse influence. 



Of the less important crops, flax and hops are the 

 most important from an industrial point of view. It 

 has been noticed as an interesting coincidence that the 

 area growing flax in Ulster is approximately equal to 

 that planted with hops in England. The flax grown in 

 Ulster is not sufficient for the great linen industry of 

 the north of Ireland, and therefore large, quantities are 

 imported from Russia. Hops are cultivated chiefly in 

 Kent, Surrey, and Sussex, and, to a lesser degree, in 

 Hereford and Worcester. 



The cultivation of fruits on a large scale is steadily 

 increasing, and Cambridge, the south-east of England, 

 Devonshire, and the basins of the Severn and Wye are 

 famed for their orchards and fruit farms. In Scotland 

 the middle part of the Clyde valley is one continuous 

 fruit garden. Market gardens are profitable in the 

 neighbourhood of large cities, and they abound near 



