200 



Elementary Principles of Agriculture 



POINTS AND MEASUREMENTS TO BE OBSERVED IN JUDGING CATTLE 



1. 

 2. 

 3. 



4. 

 5. 

 6. 



7. 



8. 



9. 

 10. 

 11. 

 12. 

 13. 

 14. 

 15. 

 16. 

 17. 



18. 

 19. 



20. 

 21. 

 22. 

 23. 

 24. 

 25. 

 26. 



27. 



28. 



29. 

 30. 

 31. 



32. 



Mouth. 33. 



Lips. 34. 



Nostrils. 



Muzzle. 35. 



Face, from muzzle to poll. 36. 



Forehead, from eyes to 37. 



poll. 38. 

 Eye. 



Cheek, side of head below 39. 



Jaw. [eye. 40. 



Throat. 41. 

 Brains. 

 Ear. 



Poll, top of head. 



Horns. 42. 

 Neck. 



Neck, lateral view. 



Breast or bosom, front of 43. 



chest. 44. 

 Fore flank, rear of arm. 

 Dewlap, loose skin, under- 

 neath the throat. 45. 

 Brisket, point of chest. 46. 

 Withers, top of shoulders. 47. 

 Shoulder point. 



Neck or collar depression in 48. 



Elbow. [front. 49. 

 Arm. 



Fore arm, portion of leg 50. 



between elbow and knee. 51. 



Knee. 52. 



Cannon or shank-bone, be- 53. 



tween knee and ankle in 54. 



fore- or hind-leg. 55. 



Hoof. 56. 



Spinal column, backbone. 57. 



Barrel or coupling, middle- 58. 



piece. 59. 



Loin, muscle covering the 60. 



short ribs. 



Hooks or hips. 



Crops, depression behind 

 shoulder. 



Fore-ribs. 



Girth at flank. 



Chest cavity. 



Chine, between withers and 

 loin. 



False or floating ribs. 



Belly. 



Milk-veins, branched and 

 tortuous ducts running 

 forward beneath ^he 

 barrel. 



Orifices through which the 

 milk veins enter the ab- 

 dominal walls. 



Midribs. 



Abdominal depth, indicat- 

 ing digestion and consti- 

 tution. 



Tail head. 



Pin bones. 



Escutcheon, 

 fine hairs. 



Buttocks. 



Twist where hair turns on 

 thigh. 



Gaskin or lower thigh. 



Brush. 



Thigh. 



Stifle. 



Flank. 



Udder. 



Teats. 



Hock. 



Navel or umbilicus. 



Face. 



Pelvic arch or sacrum, be- 

 tween the loin and crupper. 



covered with 



MEASUREMENTS. 



A. Width of forehead. 



B. Length of neck. 



C. Width of breast. 



D. Length from pin bones to 



shoulder point. 



E. Height at withers and hooks. 



F. Girth at chest and navel. 



G. Length of barrel depression. 

 H. Width of hooks. 



K. Length of hind-quarters. 



