Small Fruits and Orchard Fruits 361 



For the later sprayings ammoniacal copper sulfate is 

 used. Infection usually takes place with each rain, 

 hence the idea is to always have the leaves, vines, and 

 young fruits coated with the Bordeaux mixture. The fre- 

 quency of the spraying will therefore depend upon the rains. 



ORCHARD FRUITS 



534. In Locating Orchards consideration should be 

 given to the character and slope of the land, and the 

 direction of the prevailing winds. If the plantings are 

 to be large, with the idea of supplying distant markets, 

 transportation facilities should be carefully investigated. 



535. In Laying Out Orchards care should be taken 

 to get the trees planted in straight checked rows. After 

 the trees are pruned and set out (If 185-188) it is well 

 to observe the trees frequently to note their progress. 

 Young trees 'are sometimes barked by rabbits, or the 

 bark becomes sun scalded if they do not grow off readily. 

 Protection from rabbits may be given by wrapping 

 with paper or thin boards, etc. In apple orchards, 

 owing to the spreading growth of the trees, it is usual to 

 set them 30 to 40 feet apart. Pears grow more erect, 

 and 20 by 20 feet is usually sufficient. The richness of 

 the soils and the rainfall affect the size of the trees. 

 Pome fruits are naturally slow to come into bearing. 

 Apples may produce some fruits during the fourth or 

 fifth years from setting out, though it is usually six to 

 eight years before heavy crops are produced. Pears 

 are slower, requiring six to ten years before heavy fruiting 

 commences, depending somewhat upon the variety, soil 

 conditions, and care given to the pruning of the trees 

 and the cultivation of the land. (See If 159-160.) 



536. Young Orchards should be well tilled and 



