APPENDIX B 



INSECTICIDES AND FUNGICIDES 



1. The Governing Principles in the use of insecticides and 

 fungicides were given in Chapters 21, 22 and 23. Below, brief 

 directions for making the most generally used mixtures are given. 

 More detailed information may be secured from your State Agri- 

 cultural Experiment Station or the U. S. Department of Agriculture, 

 or manufacturers of spraying machinery. 



2. Copper Sulfate Solution. Soluble copper salts are very 

 poisonous to fungi and algae in even very dilute solution. They 

 are only moderately so to higher plants and animals. There is 

 no case on record of anyone becoming poisoned from eating fruit 

 sprayed with copper salts. Because of its cheapness copper sulfate 

 is most generally used for fungicide solutions. When used to spray 

 plants in leaf it is necessary to add lime to neutralize the scorching 

 acid effect on the leaves and to give the mixture adhesive quality. 

 For spraying dormant trees it is used without the lime, as follows: 



Copper sulfate, (Blue Stone) 3 pounds 



Water 50 gallons 



3. Bordeaux Mixture is the most generally used fungicide. 

 The standard formula is 4 pounds of copper sulfate, 4 pounds of 

 fresh lime and 50 gallons of water, and is usually referred to as the 



4-4^50 formula. The pro- 

 portions are varied for 

 special purposes, as 3-9- 

 50 for peadi trees which 

 have delicate foliage. 



In preparing, use two 

 half-barrels, as shown in 

 Fig. 230. The copper sul- 

 fate should be pulverized 

 and put into a coarse 

 burlap sack and sus- 

 pended in water until dis- 



Fig-230. Making Bordeaux mixture. solved. By using warm 



(368) 



