366 AGRICULTURE 



good condition that a higher price is often paid for milk 

 properly cooled than for uncooled milk. 



For the best results some form of cooling apparatus is 

 necessary. Various machines for this purpose can be had 

 for from ten to twenty-five dollars. An average of about 

 five cents' worth of ice is required for each hundred pounds 

 of milk during the warm months. Milk should be cooled 

 down to forty-five degrees in a few minutes of time. 



TOPICS FOR INVESTIGATION 



1. Make a careful study of the distinguishing marks of 

 each of the chief dairy breeds, and learn to identify dif- 

 ferent breeds at sight. 



2. Consider the conditions of your home dairy barn. 

 Has it plenty of light? Is it well ventilated? Are the 

 stalls the right length for the cows ? Is the floor tight ? Are 

 the rear gutter and the feed trough of a good type ? Is the 

 barn clean? How would you disinfect the dairy barn? 



3. What steps are taken in your dairy toward 

 cleaning the cows each time before milking? Do the cows 

 get soiled from the stalls? Are the milkers' hands washed 

 before milking? What kind of a strainer do you use? Is 

 your milk clean when it is ready for cooling. 



4. Has your state a law requiring the tuberculin test 

 for dairy herds? Has your father's herd had the test? 

 If so, how often is the test applied? With what results? 

 Have you any cows with a cough? With coats that look 

 rough and dead? Are any of your cows losing in flesh or 

 amount of milk without seeming cause? Have any of them 

 lumps in their udders? All these things are symptoms of 

 tuberculosis. 



5. Write a discussion on how to improve dairy condi- 

 tions and profits in your region. 



6. Show how to keep a book account with the dairy 

 and cattle interests of the farm. 



7. Indicate on the map of the United States the dairy 

 and beef producing sections. Consult the last census report 

 and insert in each state the amount of beef and dairy pro- 

 duction. 



