386 AGRICULTURE 



Defects of the mouth 



1. Nose discharge; indicating catarrh, glanders, diseased 



molars. 



2. Bit sores, showing tender mouth, or abuse. 



3. Diseased molars; affect health and interfere with eating. 



4. "Parrot" mouth; upper jaw too long, front teeth project 



over lower. 



5. Undershot jaw; lower jaw short; front teeth do not meet. 



6. Clipped tongue; tip cut off to prevent lolling. 



Defects of neck, withers and shoulders 



1. Neck sores; caused by collar wear on top of neck. 



2. Fistula; running sore on withers on shoulders. 



3. Collar sores and boils; dirty and ill-fitting collars. 



Defects of feet and legs 



1. Shoe boil; sore at elbow from injury by shoe while lying 



down; also sore from harness band. 



2. Splint; (desoribe.) 



3. Broken knee; bent backward from injury. 



4. Buck knee; bent forward from stiffening of tendons. 



5. Capped knee; (what is meant?) 



6. Greased heel; sores which refuse to heal. 



7. Scratches; sores under fetlocks from filth or dampness. 



8. Windgalls; puffs around fetlock joint from hard driving 



or standing on hard floors. 



9. Cocked ankles; ankles bent forward from misuse. 



10. Navicular disease; contracted foot, favored in action. 



11. Toe cracks; transverse checks across the hoof. 



12. Quarter racks; split in hoof extending up to heel. 



13. Corns; (what? where?) (describe cause.) 



14. Thrush; usually caused from standing in damp, filthy 



stalls. 



15. Knocked-down hip; one hip lower than the other from 



blow. 



16. Spavin; either bog, or bone, indicating sprain or injury. 



17. Thorough-pin; (describe cause.) 



18. Curb; enlargement at back of hock from sprain. 



General defects 



1. St. Vitus's Dance; twitching of muscles. 



2. Crampness; tendency for muscles to cramp. 



3. Springhalt; one or both hind feet lifted too high. 



