THE SUCCESSION OF DEPOSITS. 



29 



CANADIAN PLEISTOCENE. 



(a) Post-glacial deposits, river 

 alluvia and gravels, peaty- 

 deposits, lake bottoms, etc. 



{b) Saxicava sand and gravel, 

 often with numerous travelled 

 boulders (upper boulder de- 

 posit), probably the same 

 with Algoma sand, etc., of 

 inland districts. 



(c) Upper Leda clay, and pro- 

 bably Saugeen clay * of 

 inland districts ; clay and 

 sandy clay, in the lower St, 

 Lawrence, with numerous 

 marine shells. 



{(l) Lower Leda clay; fine clay, 

 often laminated, and with a 

 few large travelled boulders, 

 probably equivalent to Erie 

 clay t of inland districts. 



(e) Lower stratified sands and 

 gravels (Syrtensian deposits 

 of Matthew). J 



(/) Boulder clay or till ; hard 

 clay, or unstratified sand, 

 with boulders, local and 

 travelled, and stones often 

 striated and polished. 



Remains of Mastodon and El- 

 phas, modern fresh-water shells. 



Shallow-water fauna of boreal 

 character, more especially Saxi- 

 cava rugosa and its varieties. 

 Bones of whales, etc. 



Holds in eastern Canada a 

 marine fauna identical with that 

 of the northern part of the gulf 

 of St. Lawrence at present ; and 

 locally affords remains of a boreal 

 flora. 



Holds Leda {Portlandia) arctica 

 and sometimes Tellina groenlan- 

 dica ; and seems to have been 

 deposited in very cold and ice- 

 laden water. 



These represent land surfaces 

 and sea and coast areas immedi- 

 ately posterior to the boulder clay. 

 In the lower St. Lawrence region 

 holds a few marine shells of arctic 

 species. Farther inland is non- 

 fossilferous, but has usually the 

 chemical characters of a marine 

 '' deposit. 

 Note.— With reference to this table, I wish it to be distinctly 

 understood that it covers the whole pleistocene deposits as known in 

 Canada, and that division (/) corresponds to the older boulder clay 

 and {h) to the upper boulder deposit, which is the more extensively 

 spread of the two. 



* Geology of Canada, 1862. 



t Supplement to Acadian Geology, 1878. Notes on Post-pliocene 

 of Canada : Canadian Naturalist, Vol. VI., 1871. 



:J: In the province of Quebec beds of this kind in some places 

 underlie the boulder clay. 



