162 THE ICE AGE IN CANADA. 



are considered. This polishing must have been effected 

 by rubbing with the sand and loam in which they are 

 embedded. These boulders are not usually large, though 

 some were seen as much as five feet in length. The boul- 

 ders in this deposit are almost universally of the native 

 rock, and must have been produced by the grinding of ice 

 on the outcrops of the harder beds. In the eastern and 

 middle portion of the island, only these native rocks were 

 seen in the clay, with the exception of pebbles of quartzite 

 which may have been derived from the Triassic conglom- 

 erates. At Campbellton, in the western part of the island, 

 I observed a bed of boulder-clay hlled with boulders of 

 metamorphic rocks similar to those of the mainland of 

 New Brunswick, to the southward of this locality. 



Striae were seen only in one place on the north-eastern 

 coast and at another on the south-western. In the former 

 case their direction was nearly S.W. and N.E. In the 

 latter it was S. 70'~ E. 



No marine remains were observed in the boulder-clay ; 

 but at Campbellton, above the boulder-clay already men- 

 tioned, there is a limited area occupied with beds of 

 stratified sand and gravel, at an elevation of about fifty 

 feet above the sea, and in one of the beds there are shells 

 of Telliiia Grceiilanclica. 



On the surface of the country, more especially in the 

 western part of the island, there are numerous travelled 

 boulders, sometimes of considerable size. As these do not 

 appear in situ in the boulder-clay, they may be supposed 

 to belong to a second or newer boulder-drift similar to 

 that which we shall find to be connected with the Saxicava 

 sand in Canada. These boulders being of rocks foreign to 

 Prince Edward Island, the question of their source 

 becomes an interesting one. With reference to this, it 



