170 THE ICE AGE IN CANADA. 



the northward, has by no means been exclusively so; 

 boulders having been carried in various directions, and 

 more especially from the more elevated and rocky dis- 

 tricts to the lower grounds in their vicinity. Professor 

 Hind has shown the existence of a similar relation 

 between the boulders of New Brunswick and the hilly 

 ranges of that country. 



Such observations as I have been able to make in Nova 

 Scotia and New Brunswick, and those of Hind, Matthews 

 and others, show a general southerly and south-easterly 

 direction of striation, with some local variations. The 

 Eeports of Mr. E. Chalmers of the Geological Survey of 

 Canada have, however, contributed a large mass of new 

 material,* and have gone far to enable us to distinguish 

 the effects of local glacier action from those of sea-borne 

 ice. It would appear, from these observations, that while 

 local glaciers have been shed in different directions, even 

 from the comparatively low mountains of the maritime 

 provinces, a large and even dominant influence has been 

 exercised by marine agencies. The tables of striation in 

 Mr. Chalmers' Report of 1888-9 are especially worthy of 

 study in this respect. His general results for southern 

 New Brunswick are thus stated : f " Co-ordinating the 

 data at hand respecting the glaciation of the region, it 

 would seem that the theory of local glaciers on the higher 

 grounds and ice-bergs or floating ice upon the lower, 

 during the post- tertiary submergence of these, is sufficient 

 to account for all the facts coming under observation." 



* Report Geol. Survey of Canada, 1885 and following years. 



t Report of 1889, Ottawa, 1890. See also papers by Mr. Chalmers 

 in Canadian Record of Science, and Trans. Royal Society of Canada, 

 1886, p. 139. 



