178 THE ICE AGE IN CANADA. 



this later or post-glacial age also belong the boulder 

 pavements of lakes, the shore ridges, the oyster beds and 

 the sand dunes described in the same work and in the 

 " Supplement " to it (page 17). 



VI. — Loioer St. Lawrence — North Side. 



Descriptions of the Pleistocene deposits of this region 

 are contained in several of my papers above cited, but I 

 shall here give a summary of these, with some corrections 

 and additional facts obtained within the past few years. 



Saguenay River. — I have already, in part first, referred 

 to the glacial striation of this region, and perhaps no 

 better example could be found of those lateral valleys 

 along which ice seems to have been poured into the St. 

 Lawrence from the north. The gorge of the Saguenay is 

 a narrow and deep cut, running nearly N.W. and S.E., or 

 at right angles to the course of the St. Lawrence, and of 

 the Laurentian ridges. It extends inland more than 

 forty-five miles, and then divides into two branches, one 

 of which is occupied by the continuation of the river to 

 lake St. John, the other by Ha-Ha bay and a valley at its 

 head. In the lower part of its course, as far as Ha-Ha 

 bay, this gorge is from 50 to 140 fathoms deep below the 

 level of the tide in the St. Lawrence, indicating an eleva- 

 tion of the land to that extent or more, at the time when 

 it was excavated. In some places the cliffs on its banks 

 rise abruptly to 1,500 feet above the water level, so that 

 its extreme depth is nearly 2,400 feet, while its width 

 varies from about a mile to about one and a-half. The 

 striated surfaces and the roches moutonn^es seen in this 

 gorge and on the hills on its sides, to a height of at least 

 300 feet, shew that in the glacial period a powerful 

 stream of ice must have flowed down the ofors^e into the 



