PLEISTOCENE FOSSILS. 227 



Class II. — Lamellibranchiata. 

 Fhoias {Zirphea) crispata. Linn. 



Fossil — Maine (Packard). 



I have not found this species fossil in Canada, but it exists as a 

 living shell on the New England coast generally, in Northumberland 

 strait ; gulf of St. Lawrence, and, according to Bell, as far to the 

 north-west as Rimouski. Puget Sound (U.S. Expl. Exped.) Queen 

 Charlotte Islands (Whiteaves). 



It has perhaps extended its northern limit to Canada since the 

 glacial period. On the European coast it is a northern shell, reaching 

 south to the Mediterranean. 



Saxicava rugosa. Lamarck (and var. arctica). 



Fossil — Saxicava sand and top of Leda clay, Montreal; St. Nicholas, 

 Ottawa; L'Orignal; Chaudiere Station; Upton, P. Q.; Stormont, Ont. ; 

 Quebec ; Murray Bay ; Riviere-du-Loup ; Trois Pistoles ; Tadoussac ; 

 Anticosti ; Labrador ; Lawlor's Lake ; Bathurst ; New Richmond ; * 

 Vancouver Island (G. M. Dawson) ; New Brunswick ; Maine, &c. 



Recent — Gulf St. Lawrence ; coast of Nova Scotia ; and New 

 England and northern seas generally ; also British Columbia and west 

 coast of America as far as Mazatlan. (P. P. Carpenter). 



Very abundant in the more shallow-water portions of the Pleisto- 

 cene throughout Canada, and presenting all the numerous varietal 

 forms of the species in great perfection. It is relatively much more 

 abundant in the drift-deposits than in the gulf of St. Lawrence at 

 present. Pieces of limestone which have been bored probably by this 

 shell, are not rare in the drift at Montreal. 



This is a widely distributed arctic species, and is found in the 

 Pleistocene deposits of Europe, and as far back as the Miocene. 



Panopcea Norvegica. Spengler. 



Fossil — Leda clay ; Riviere-du-Loup. Very rare. 



Recent — Little Metis ; dredged in Gaspe Bay, 30 and 40 fathoms, 

 by Mr. Whiteaves; Halifax (Willis); Grand ,Manan (Stimpson) ; 

 Arctic and northern seas generally. 



It is very rare in the Pleistocene, a few valves only having been 

 found at Riviere-du-Loup. The specimens are small, and much 

 inferior to those found in the Scottish Clyde beds, of which I have a 

 specimen from Rev. H. Crosskey. 



* For shells from this locality I am indebted to Dr. Thornton, of 

 New Richmond. 



