SOME TREE PESTS 



the ground along the fences and walls, seeking 

 a favorable spot in which to spin their cocoons. 

 The reddish-brown moths emerge in two or three 

 weeks and fly by night to deposit their eggs. 



Hypantria cunea — Fall Web- Worm — appears 

 in late summer. The larvae spin their webs on 

 the tips of the branches and constantly enlarge 

 them, as they generally feed under cover. The 

 Butternut, Ash, Oak, Maple, Linden and Horse- 

 Chestnut fall an equal prey. The larvae when 

 full grown are one-half to two inches in length, 

 with yellow longitudinal markings, and are cov- 

 ered with grayish hairs. They go into pupation 

 in September, and the white moths do not emerge 

 until the following July. Their natural enemies 

 are the Cuckoos and the Orioles, and they are 

 parasitized by various ichneumon-flies. 



Euvanessa antiopa — Spiny Elm Caterpillar, 

 or " Mourning Cloak " — is the familiar dark 

 brownish-purple butterfly with a cream-colored 

 band on the edge with dashes of blue. The larva 

 feeds upon the Poplar, Willow and Elm. It 

 hibernates as the adult butterfly, and as soon as 

 the leaves are fully grown the female lays eggs in 

 clusters of from twenty to two or three hundred 

 around the smaller twigs. The larvae hatch in 

 about two or three weeks and feed in companies 

 on the tender portions of the leaves, and later on 

 the veins. They mature in about four weeks 



183 



