56 CO-OPEEATION IN DANISH AGEICULTURE 



were reared and equal to the demands of the German market, 

 to which nearly all the pigs which were exported alive were 

 despatched. 



There was some export of salt pork from Denmark in the 

 early part of the nineteenth century by C. J. Hambro, who 

 afterwards settled in London and founded the well-known 

 banking firm there. His business was continued by A. N. 

 Hansen and Co. In 1866 Phihp W. Heyman, in Copenhagen, 

 and in 1879 Magnus Kjcer, in Holstebro, built bacon factories, 

 and several other factories were started during the following 

 years, and they all had the English market as their chief outlet. 

 In 1887 the export of pork, bacon, and hams amounted to 

 25,000 tons, of which 20,000 tons went to England. The 

 Danish farmer had, therefore, to supply three different markets, 

 which had different requirements. The Germans required a 

 heavy, very fat pig, the EngHsh a long, lean pig of much smaller 

 weight, the home demand being for a pig of medium size and 

 fatness. With the increased production in Hamburg of bacon 

 for the English markets an increasing number of lean pigs 

 was bought in Denmark by Hamburg curers to be sold in 

 London as Hambro' bacon. The bacon factories in Denmark 

 and Hamburg complained that many Danish pigs were too 

 short and too fat for bacon production. To improve the breed 

 for that purpose the large white Yorkshire pig was used, and 

 Magnus Kjcer in particular bought many boars of that breed 

 from England, and had them stationed at various places from 

 whence pigs were sent to his factory. Before long his bacon 

 acquired a high reputation in London, and many boars, bred 

 from his English pigs, were sold to other districts in Denmark. 

 But there was a considerable uncertainty in the breeding 

 business, because sometimes the bacon pigs and sometimes the 

 heavy fat pigs for the German market paid best. The German 

 commercial policy came to the aid of Danish farmers, and 

 brought about the desired unity in the breeding of pigs and also 

 conferred other advantages. 



Until the year 1879 Germany had admitted live pigs free, 

 but in that year an import duty of 2 marks per pig was im- 

 posed, which in 1885 was increased to 6 marks. In November, 

 1887, the import of hve pigs from Denmark into Germany 



