CONTROL SOCIETIES 111 



Fjord, and published in 1887.1 Fjord also arranged for a 

 course of instruction in the use of the " control apparatus," 

 principally for the managers of dairies at which it was intended 

 to pay for the milk according to its quality. In 1886 eight 

 dairies adopted the system of payment according to quality, 

 and many followed during the next years. 



This development brought home to many farmers how much 

 the milk of various herds differed in quahty. How much more, 

 then, might the milk of individual cows differ ! Farmers in 

 different districts had samples of milk from their cows tested at 

 their co-operative dairy, and several dairy managers undertook 

 for a time such testing, in connection with which an attempt was 

 made to keep a record of the food consumed by the same cows. 

 Only at one dairy, viz. the co-operative dairy at Kildebrond, 

 was this carried on with complete success. The dairy adviser 

 of the Royal Agricultural Society, B. Boggild, now Professor of 

 Dairy Science at the Royal Agricultural College, Copenhagen, 

 came in July, 1^H2, on the invitation of the dairy manager, 

 Lars Hansen, to Kildebrond and read a paper on milk testing, 

 in which he described how the milk of individual cows should 

 be tested by the " control apparatus," how the results were 

 to be tabulated, and how the selection of breeding cows should 

 be made according to the test. The same day some of the 

 farmers formed a "Control" Society. 2 The following year 

 they jointly bought a bull, and the society became the Kilde- 

 brond Cattle Breeding Society. Lars Hansen undertook not 

 only to test the milk of the single cows by the " control ap- 

 paratus," but he also kept all the records and collected in- 

 formation as to the feeding of the cows. In 1894 he published 

 the first full annual account of the individual cows of 14 co- 

 operators, stating the quantity of milk and butter yielded by 

 each cow, with an account of food consumed by each cow. 



1 Ninth Report from " Forsogslaboratoriet," 1887. See also Sixth Report, 

 1885. 



' The Danish '* Control " Societies owe their name to the use of the " control 

 apparatus " for ascertaining the quality, i.e. the contents of butter-fat in the 

 milk. As the Milk Recording Societies or Milk Recording Associations in this 

 country mostly confine their attention to the recording of the quantity of the 

 milk yielded, it has been deemed advisable to retain the Danish name of 

 " Control " Society, which has been adopted in several countries, and also used 

 in various British reports on Danish agriculture. 



