370 



COSMOS. 



of Saturn from the center of that planet, 

 97 ; material contents of the Moon, 96; 

 its libration, 98 ; mean depression of 

 temperature on the three cold days of 

 May (llth-13th), 133; conjecture that 

 the average mass of the larger number 

 of binary stars exceeds the mass of the 

 Sun, 149. 

 Magellanic clouds, 85. 

 Magnetic attraction, 188 ; declination, 181- 

 183 ; horary motion, 177-180 ; horary 

 variations, 183, 190 ; magnetic storms, 

 177, 179, 195, 199 ; their intimate con- 

 nection with the Aurora, 193-201 ; rep- 

 resented by three systems of lines, see 

 Lines ; movement of oval systems, 182; 

 magnetic equator, 183-185 ; magnetic 

 poles, 183, 184; observatories, 190-192; 

 magnetic stations, 190, 191, 317. 

 Magnetism, terrestrial, 177-193, 201 ; elec- 

 tro, 177-191. 

 Magnussen, Soemund, description of re- 

 markable eruption in Iceland, 236. 

 Mahlmann, Wilhelm, southwest direction 

 of the aerial current in the middle lati- 

 tudes of the temperate zone, 317. 

 Mairan on the zodiacal light, 138, 139, 142; 

 his opinion that the Sun is a nebulous 

 star, 141. 

 Malapert, annular mountain, 98. 

 Malle, Bureau de la, 223. 

 Man, general view of, 351-359 ; proofs of 

 the flexibility of his nature, 27 ; results 

 of his intellectual progress, 53, 54 ; ge- 

 ographical distribution of races, 351- 

 356 ; on the assumption of superior 

 and inferior races, 351-358 ; his gradu- 

 al recognition of the bond of humanity, 

 358, 359. 

 Mantell, Dr.. his " Wonders of Geology," 

 see notes by Translator, 45, 64, 203, 274, 

 278, 281, 283, 284, 287; "Medals of Cre- 

 ation," 46, 271, 283, 287. 

 Margarita Philosophica by Gregory 



Reisch, 58. 

 Marius, Simon, first described the nebu- 

 lous spots in Andromeda and Orion, 

 138. 

 Martins, observations on polar bands, 198 ; 

 found that air collected at Faulhorn con- 

 tained as much oxygen as the air of Par- 

 is, 312 ; on the distribution of the quan- 

 tity of rain in Central Europe, 333 ; 

 doubts on the greater dryness of mount- 

 ain air, 334. 

 Matthiessen, letter to Arago on the zodi- 

 acal light, 142. 

 Mathieu on the augmented intensity of 

 the attraction of gravitation in volcanic 

 islands, 167. 

 Mayer, Tobias, on the motion of the solar 



system, 146, 148. 

 Mean numerical values, their necessity 



in modern physical science, 81. 

 Melloni, his discoveries on radiating heat 



and electro-magnetism, 49. 

 Menzel, unedited work by, on the flora 



of Japan, 347. 

 Messier, comet, 108 ; nebulous spot re- 

 eembhng our starry stratum, 151. 



Metamorphic Rocks. See Rocks. 



Meteorology, 311-339. 



Meteors, see Aerolites ; meteoric infuso 

 ria, 345, 346. 



Methone, Hill of, 240. 



Meyen on forming a thermal scale of cul- 

 tivation, 324 ; on the reproductive or- 

 gans of liverworts and algte, 341. 



Meyer, Hermann von, on the organization 

 of flying saurians, 274. 



Milky Way, its figure, 89 ; views of Aris- 

 totle on, 103 ; vast telescopic breadth, 

 150 ; Milk^ Way of nebulous spots at 

 right angles with that of the stars, 151. 



Minerals, artificially formed, 268, 269. 



Mines, gi'eatest depth of, 157-159 ; tem- 

 perature, 158. 



Mist, phosphorescent, 142. 



Mitchell, protracted earthquake shocks in 

 North America, 211. 



Mitscherlich on the chemical origin of 

 iron glance in volcanic masses, 234 ; 

 chemical combinations, a means of 

 throwing a clear light on geognosy, 256 ; 

 on gypsum, as a uniaxal crystal, 259 ; 

 experiments on the simultaneously op- 

 posite actions of heat on crystalline 

 bodies, 259 ; formation of crystals of 

 mica, 260; on artificial mineral prod- 

 ucts, 268, 271. 



Mofettes (exhalations of carbonic acid 

 gas), 215-219. 



Monsoons (Indian), 316, 317. 



Monticelli on the current of hydrochloric 

 acid from the crater of Vesuvius, 235 ; 

 crystals of mica found in the lava of 

 Vesuvius, 260. 



Moon, the, its relative magnitude, 96 ; 

 density, 96 ; distance from the earth, 

 97 ; its libration, 98, 163 ; its light com- 

 pared with that of the Aurora, 201, 202 ; 

 volcanic action in, 228. 



Moons or satellites, their diameter, dis- 

 tances, rotation, (fee, 95-99. 



Morgan, John H., "on the Aurora Bore- 

 alis of Oct. 24, 1847." See Translator's 

 notes, 194, 199. 



Morton, Samuel George, his magnificent 

 work on the American Races, 362. 



Moser's images, 202. 



Mountains, in Asia, America, and Europe, 

 their altitude, scenery, and vegetation, 

 27-30, 228, 347 ; their influence on cli- 

 mate, natural productions, and on the 

 human race, its trade, civilization, and 

 social condition, 291, 292, 299, 300, 327 ; 

 zones of vegetation on the declivities 

 of 29, 30, 327-329 ; snow-lme of, 30-33, 

 330, 331. 



Mud volcanoes. See Salses and Volca- 

 noes. 



Miiller, Johannes, on the modifications 

 of plants and animals within certain 

 limitations, 353. 



Muncke on the appearance of Auroras in 

 certain districts, 198. 



Murchison, Sir R., account of a large fis- 

 sure through which melaphyre had 

 been ejected, 258 ; classification of fos- 

 siliferous strata, 277 ; on the age of the 



