108 LANDSCAPE GARDENING. 



fungous cork-like substance, which lines the branches on both 

 sides. It is a very singular and curious tree, of moderate 

 stature, and grows well when cultivated in the northern states* 



The common European elm. ( U. cainpestris) This is 

 the most commonly cultivated forest tree in Europe, next to 

 the oak. It is a more upright growing tree than the White 

 elm, though resembling it in the easy disposition and delica- 

 cy of its branches. The flowers, of a purple colour, are pro- 

 duced in round bunches, close to the stem. The leaves are 

 rough, doubly serrated, and much more finely cut than those 

 of our elms. It is a fine tree, 60 or 70 feel high, growing 

 with rapidity, and is easily cultivated. The timber is more 

 valuable than the American sort, though we consider it infe- 

 rior to the White elm in beauty. There are some dozen or 

 more fine varieties of this species, cultivated in the English 

 nurseries; among which the most remarkable are the Twisted 

 elm, ( U. c. tortuosa.) the trunk of which is singularly mark- 

 ed with hollows and protuberances, and the grain of the wood 

 curiously twisted together : the Kidbrook elm. {U. c. virens,) 

 which is a sub-evergreen : the Gold and Silver striped elms, 

 with variegated leaves, and the Narrow-leaved elm, ( U. c. vi- 

 minalis,) which resembles the birch : the Cork-barked elm, 

 ( U. c. suberosa,) the young branches of which are covered 

 with cork, etc. 



The Scotch or Wych elm. ( U. montana.) This is a tree 

 of lower stature than the common European elm, its average 

 height being about 40 feet. The leaves are broad, rough, 

 pointed, and the branches extend more horizontally, droop- 

 ing at the extremities. The bark on the branches is com- 

 paratively smooth. It is a grand tree, " the head is so finely 

 massed, and yet so well broken, as to render it one of the 

 noblest of park trees ; and when it grows wild amid the rocky 

 scenery of its native Scotland, there is no tree which assumes 

 so great or so pleasing a variety of character."* In general 

 appearance, the Scotch elm considerably resembles our White 

 elm. Its most ornamental varieties are the Spiry-topped elm, 



* SirThos. Lander in Gilpin, 1. 91. 



