EMBELLISHMENTS. 307 



quills or spouts, which throw the water up or down, into a 

 variety of forms : such as fans, parasols, sheaves, showers, 

 mushrooms, inverted bells, etc. The larger the conduit pipes 

 are, the more freely will the jets display their different forms ; 

 and the fewer the holes in the quill or jet, (for sometimes 

 this is pierced like the rose of a watering pot,) the greater 

 certainty there will be of the form continuing the same ; be- 

 cause the risk of any of the holes choking up will be less. 

 The diameter of a conduit pipe, ought, in no case, to be less 

 than one inch ; but for jets of very large size, the diameter 

 ought to be two inches. Where the conduit pipes are of 

 great length, say upwards of 1000 feet, it is found advan- 

 tageous to begin, at the reservoir or cistern, with pipes of a 

 diameter somewhat greater than those which deliver the 

 water to the quills, because the water, in a pipe of uniform 

 diameter of so great a length, is found to lose much of its 

 strength, and become what is technically called sleepy ; 

 while the different sizes quicken it, and redouble its force. 

 For example, in a conduit pipe of 1800 feet in length, the 

 first six hundred feet may be laid with pipes of eight inches 

 in diameter, the next 600 feet with pipes of six inches in 

 diameter, and the last 600 feet with pipes of four inches in 

 diameter. In conduits not exceeding 900 feet, the same di- 

 ameter may be continued throughout. When several jets 

 are to play, in several fountains, or in the same, it is not 

 necessary to lay a fresh pipe from each jet to the reservoir ; 

 a main of sufficient size, with branch pipes to each jet, be- 

 ing all that is required. Where the conduit pipe enters the 

 reservoir or cistern, it ought to be of increased diameter, and 

 the grating placed over it to keep out leaves and other mat- 

 ters which might choke it up, ought to be semi-globular or 

 conical ; so that the area of the number of holes in it, may 



