APPENDIX. 445 



When the plants have been in pots, the balls should be gently broken with 

 the hand, and afterwards all the earth washed away from the roots by the 

 application of water. The plant may then be placed on a hill of prepared 

 mould, and the roots stretched out, so as to radiate from the plant in every 

 direction, and afterwards covered with mould. 



The masses of trees and shrubs are chiefly on the mount near the lake, 

 and along the margin which shuts out the kitchen-garden ; and in these 

 places they are planted in the gardenesque manner, so as to produce irreg- 

 ular groups of trees, with masses of evergreen and deciduous shrubs as un- 

 dergrowth, intersected by glades of turf. They are scattered over the gen- 

 eral surface of the lawn, so as to produce a continually varying effect, as 

 viewed from the walks ; and so as to disguise the boundary, and prevent the 

 eye from seeing from one extremity of the groimds to the other, and thus as- 

 certain their extent. The only points at which the lawn is seen directly 

 across from the drawing-room window are in the direction of / and m,Jlg. 13, 

 inp. 438, 439; but, through these openings, the grass field beyond appears 

 united with the lawn; so that the extent thus given to the views from the 

 drawing-room windows is of the greatest assistance to the character of the 

 place, with reference to extent. From every other part of the grounds, the 

 views across the lawn are interrupted by some tree, bush, or object which 

 conceals the boundary ; or, if the boundary is seen on one side, as in passing 

 along the walk from 16 by 18 to 22, there is ample space on the lawn side to 

 keep up the idea of extent. 



In many situations, this walk, as seen on paper, would be considered to 

 be too near the boundary ; but in the grounds the narrow plantation from 

 22 to 18 is of evergreens, chiefly hollies, which already partially shut out 

 all view of the boundary or the field, and which are ultimately intended to 

 spread their upper branches over the walk, so as to give it a character of 

 shade and gloom, different from any other in these grounds. In general, it 

 may be laid down as a rule, that the boundary between a lawn and the 

 park or field beyond should not be such as to cut the landscape, as it were, 

 in two ; and another rule is, that the walks should never be so near this 

 fence, or should not be so conducted when near it, as to admit of the specta- 

 tor looking directly across. Indeed, in scenery, no rule is generally more 

 applicable than this, viz. that all straight lines, whether fences, roads, ca- 

 nals, or rivers, and all regular symmetrical objects, such as buildings, 

 should be looked at obliquely. Applying this rule, therefore, to the scene- 



