76 THE COMPLETE FARMER 



ordinary size, and the main part of it built in the usual shape, 

 hut a good deal neater and tighter. The bays were upon 

 each side of the floor, and the bottoms of them were sunk 

 eight feet below it. Tliis gave room for a large quantity of 

 hay below the floor. The large doors were towards the 

 south, to admit the sun, when necessary, with a small door 

 in one of the large ones to enter at when the weather was 

 windy, and made it dangerous to open the large doors. 

 Barns ought always to have a small door to use in the win- 

 ter, when you must often be in and out. There were twelve 

 squares of glass arranged over the door, to admit the light 

 when the large doors were shut ; besides a small window in 

 each of the gable ends, very rear the ridge, for the same pur- 

 pose. Under the floor was a convenient cellar, in which 

 were kept potatoes, and all kinds of vegetables for green fod- 

 der in the winter. The ceilar was a very warm one, and 

 well lighted with two windows. This cellar struck me as 

 being the most useful apartment in the whole establishment, 

 and I wonder that all farmers do not have one. There you 

 may keep as many turnips, cabbages, potatoes, &;c., as you 

 please, and they are always handy to fodder out in the sta- 

 ble to yoar cattle ; and the cattle need scarcely go out of 

 the stable in a month. 



' The yard was well watered by an aqueduct, and a trougK 

 on the south side of the barn was kept always full. Upon 

 the north or back side of the barn were the stables : they 

 were built in one building, and joined to the main part, about 

 twenty-five feet in width, thirty feet long, and twelve or four- 

 teen feet high. A door led from the barn into it, besides 

 another from without upon the east side, where the cattle 

 were admitted from the yard. A floor was laid overhead, 

 at the distance of seven feet from the lower one. The stalls 

 were arranged on each side of the building, so that the cattle 

 stood with their heads towards the outside of the building, 

 leaving a space in the middle to pass. 



' In foddering, the hay was pitched from the bay in the 

 barn through a window, over the stables, and then put down 

 into racks ; very little hay could be wasted in this way, and 

 the boys could be trusted with the foddering. The manure 

 made in the stable was put down through the floor into 

 another cellar, large enough to admit of a cart and team to 

 take it away.' 



A report of the committee on farms, in the county of 

 Essex, for the year 1824, states, that colonel Moses Newhall, 



