AND RURAL ECONOMIST. 85 



cooled before it is put into the milkpans, never throws np 

 such good and plentiful cream as if it had been put into pro- 

 per vessels immediately after it came from the cow. 



From these fundamental facts, the doctor deduces, in sub- 

 stance, the following rules : 



1. The cows should be milked as near the dairy as possi- 

 ble, to prevent the necessity of carrying and cooling the 

 milk before it be put into the dishes ; and as cows are much 

 hurt by far driving. It must be a great advantage in a dairy 

 farm to have the principal grass fields as near the dairy or 

 homestead as possible. In this point of view, also, the prac- 

 tice of feeding cows in the house, rather than turning them 

 out to pasture in the field, must be obviously beneficial."^ 



2. The practice of putting the milk of all the cows of a 

 large dairy into one vessel, as it is milked, there to remain 

 till the whole milking be finished, before any part is put into 

 the milkpans, seems to be highly injudicious, not only on 

 accornt of the loss sustained by the agitation and cooling, 

 but also, the more especially, because it prevents the owner 

 of the dairy from distinguishing the good from the bad cow's 

 milk, so as to enlighten his judgment respecting the profit 

 that he may derive from each. Without this precaution, he 

 may have the whole of his dairy produce greatly debased by 

 the milk of one bad cow for years together, without being 

 able to discover it. A better practice, therefore, would be 

 to have the milk drawn from each cow separately put into 

 the creaming pans as soon as milked, without being ever 

 mixed with any other ; and if these p(ans were all made of 

 such a size as to be able to contain the whole of one cow's 

 milk, each in a separate pan, the careful daii would thus be 

 able to remark, without any trouble, the quantity of milk 



* Mr. Lawrence, in his ' Treatise on Cattle,' observes, that 'it is stated 

 by theoretical writers, that to feed cows in the home stall increases their 

 quantity of inilk ; a fact which various experiments compel me to disprove. 

 With mc it has ever had the effect of adding to the substance of the ani- 

 mal, and of diminishing the quantity of her milk ; probably from defect 

 of the exercise she was wont to take in collecting her food, and the se- 

 lection of herbage she was enabled to make.' This writer, however, is of 

 opinion, that ' the aggregate quantity of milk in a dairy may be enlarged 

 by keeping pastures free from the tread of the cows, since a greater 

 number may be kept, perhaps by one-third, on the same extent of ground; 

 at the same time the animals may be secured from the harassing and 

 debilitating effects of the sun and flies. 



t A provincial word, denoting the person who has the chief concern in 

 a dairy. 



8 



