AND RURAL ECONOMIST. 125 



into the straw, which has now finished its growth, more juices 

 than the kernel can take up, being already filled out. These 

 juices burst the straw, or pass through the natural pores of 

 the stalk. When these juices come to the air, they lose by 

 evaporation their thinner parts, become glutinous, and form 

 the matter called rust or mildew. 



Willich's Ericyclopedia observes, ' Common wheat is more 

 subject to this destructive disease than that which is bearded, 

 especially if the land has been iieicly dunged.' Other writers, 

 likewise, attribute this disorder to the application of fresh 

 dung, in too great quantity. 



The remedies against rust or mildew, according to Sir 

 John Sinclair, are as follows : 



1. Cultivating hardy sorts of wheat. 



2. Early sowing. 



3. Raising early varieties. 



4. Thick sowing. 



5. Changes of seed. 



6. Consolidating the soil. 



7. Using saline manures. 



8. Improving the course of crops ; and, 



9. Extirpating all plants that are receptacles of rust. 



10. Protecting the wheat plants by rye, tares, and other 

 crops. The above remedies are enlarged upon by Sir John 

 Sinclair, in The Code of Agriculture, but his observations 

 are too voluminous to quote at large in this place. 



Very able and instructive essays on the culture of wheat, 

 by the Rev. Henry Colman, of Greenfield, Massachusetts, 

 were published in the New England Farmer, vol. xii, pages 

 25, 49, 57, 65, 73. Mr. Colman gives in detail many expe- 

 riments, some of which were made by himself He states, 

 in substance, that he sowed three acres of winter wheat on 

 some of the best land in the Deerfield (Mass.) meadows. 

 The land was green sward, turned up in the fall, rolled and 

 harrowed, and the seed soaked in brine, limed, and sowed at 

 the rate of two and a half bushels to the acre, on the 27th of 

 October. One-half the field was abundantly manured, and 

 to the ether no manure was applied. The seed came up 

 finely, and nothing could exceed the beauty and luxuriance 

 of the growth, a greater part of the field averaging more than 

 five feet in height. 



' Above half the field, including an equal portion of the 

 manured and that not manured, was passed over twice in 

 the spring, after the grain had got to be six inches in height, 

 11# 



