AND RURAL ECONOMIST. 155 



it will color them, and injure their flavor and quality very- 

 much. 



' I expect that many of our farmers will object to the mode 

 of manuring hops which I have recommended, their common 

 practice being to put the manure in the hills when they 

 plant the hops, and afterwards to apply the manure on the 

 hills at the first and second hoeings. I find u.e hop-roots 

 are very liable to be injured by the worms, and to decay. 

 My opinion is, that the manure in the hill has a tendency to 

 produce the worms, and its fermentation at their roots to 

 cause their decay ; and that the crop is not moro, if as abun- 

 dant, as when manured in the manner I have recommended : 

 and, farther, that a hop-yard manured in this manner will 

 continue in a healthy state for many years. 



' I also expect the quantity of manure 1 have recommend- 

 ed will be objected to by many, it being the common re- 

 ceived opinion, that hops should have little or no manure. 

 I find it a general complaint amongst the farmers where hops 

 have been cultivated many years, that the quantity raised 

 per acre does not exceed the one-half raised by their ances- 

 tors on the same land ; inferring that the " hops are running 

 out," as it is termed, and cannot now be cultivated to ad- 

 vantage. Hops, 1 believe, in common with all sorts cf grain 

 and vegetables, flourish best and produce the finest crops 

 when cultivated on new lands, which require little or no ma- 

 nure ; and such were the lands which their ancestors cul- 

 tivated. The same complaint I presume would be made 

 against all sorts of grain and vegetables, if raised with little 

 or no manure, on lands that have long been cultivated. 



' From my own observations, 1 am confident that no crop 

 can be more improved and increased by high cultivation 

 than hops.' 



PEA. {Pisum sativum.) The pea is a hardy annual, a 

 native of the south of Europe, cultivated in Great Britain 

 from time immemorial, and in this country from its first set- 

 tlement. 



Times of Sowing. ' The dwarfs are generally employed 

 in hotbed culture, which, however, succeeds badly, and is 

 neither worth preserving nor describing, and the less so as 

 early crops may be more certainly had by sowing in the fall, 

 in sheltered situations, and covering during the winter with 



