History of the Plow. 19 



The plosv tail consists of the beam, N, the coulter, O, the share, 

 P, and the sheat. Q; the hinder sheat, R, passing through the 

 Ix'um near its end. T, the drock which belongs to the right side 

 of tile plow tail, and whereto the ground wrest, V, is fastened, as 

 is the earth board, whose fore part, W, is seen before the sheat. 

 Z is the double retch which holds up the sheat. 



We have retained the antiquated nomenclature of Tull in this 

 description, as these words are still retained in some English 

 works, and would not be understood by American readers without 

 a plate with references were before them. 



Fig. 2 represents the four coultered plow recommended by 

 VuU. The beam differs in length from the former one, being ten 

 feet four inches long, or two feet four inches longer than the 

 other. It differs also in shape, being only straight from a to b, 

 from thence curving suddenly upward, as shown in the figure. 

 The perpendicular height at a is eleven inches, at b one foot eight 

 inches, while the height of the beam where it rests upon the 

 pillow is two feet ten inches above the plane of the sole. 



From the end a to the back part of the fii'st coulter is three 

 feet two inches; from thence to the back of the next coulter is 

 thirteen inches; from thence to the fourth is the same. From a 

 to b is seven feet. 



The beam is made of ash or oak, and is five inches deep and 

 four inches broad at the first coulter. 



Fig. 4 is the sJieat^ seven inches broad, with the iron retch upon 

 it, the left leg of which must stand foremost. The ends pass 

 through the beam, and are secured on the top by nuts; the sheat 

 is also mortised into the beam and secured by a pin passing 

 through the hole a. The angle bed must always be less than 

 45 deg. ; from 42 deg. to 43 deg. works best in practice. 



Fig. 5 is the share, a, the end of the point; b is the tail of the 

 share; length, from a to b is three feet nine inches; c is the Jin; 

 d the socket into which the l)ottom of the sheat enters; e a thin 

 plate of iron to which the hinder sheat is riveted. From a to f 

 is the point, three and a half inches long, flat beneath and round 

 above. From f to c is the edge of the fin, which should be of 

 steel. 



Fig. 6 shows the share with its right side upward as when 

 plowing; the side a b should l)e perfectly straight, but its under 

 side, c, should be a little hollow. 



