226 Report on Trials of Plows. 



Beam. 



A step, Fig. 115, b, projects If inches forward from the front 

 edge of the rear standard; a nipple, e, also projects forward a 

 little above the step which enters the rear end of the beam, and 

 resists its lateral movement. The beam rests npon the step, and 

 is secured hy a bolt running diagonall}^ through it and through 

 the rear standard, which is headed on the beam and nutted on the 

 standard. Its size. Fig, 114, «, at this point is 3 inches vertically 

 and 2| inches horizontally. At the point. Fig. 114, 5, where the 

 standard bolt passes through it, it is vertically 4| inches and 

 horizontally 2| inches. At the extreme front, c, its cross section 

 is 2^ inches square. Its whole length, from front to rear, meas- 

 ured along the line of its upper curves, is 5 feet i inch. Meas- 

 ured along a straight line, from heel to point, it is 4 feet 11 

 inches. Its upper surface rises from the heel, curving upward 

 and forward to the centre of the front standard; from thence it 

 descends in a slight curve to its front extremity. The following 

 measurements, vertically from the base line to the top of the 

 beam, will more clearly show the character of the curves: 



From the top of the heel of the beam, a, where it joins the 

 rear standard, 1G| inches; one foot in advance of this point it is 

 21| inches; at three feet it is 221 inches; at four feet it is 20| 

 inches; at the fore end it is 19| inches. 



The vertical measurements from the same points on the base 

 line to the under side of the beam are: At the heel, 15 inches; 

 one foot in advance, 17^ inches; at two feet, 17| inches; at three 

 feet it is 17| inches; at four feet it is 17^ inches; at its front it is 

 17| inches. The material is of white oak, and its line of direc- 

 tion is parallel with the plane of the land side. The land side 

 face of the beam at the heel is 1| inches within the land side 

 plane, and at the front it is If inches within it. The attachments 

 to the beam are, first, the bridle; second, the Avheel; third, the 

 coulter; fourth, the skim-plow. 



The Bridle, 



Fig. 114, d, consists of a semi-circular iron arc three-fourths of 

 an inch in front of the fore end of the beam, pierced with seven 

 holes which pass horizontally through it, the upper one being six 

 inches above the lower one. A strap extends backward from the 

 upper and lower part of the arc 8^ inches in length, embracing 

 the upper and lower faces of the beam, which arc pierced with 



