4 CRYPTOGAMIA. 



II. FILICES. Stem continuous, solid, with a furrow on one side ; 



leaves large, plane, nerved, bifarious or simple. 



III. LYCOPODINEJE. Stem continuous, solid, leafy ; leaves im- 



bricated, small, simple, rigid ; fruit in the axils of the up- 

 per leaves, or (apparently) in catkins. 



* * Structure cellular. 



( The cells communicate freely with one another, so that, when a dried 

 specimen is immersed in water, it is freely imbibed, and the plant 

 resumes the appearance of life.) 



j* Plants with leaves or leaf-like : colour always green. 



IV. Musci. Stem clothed with small simple leaves ; fruit in a 



stalked capsule covered with a lid and deciduous calyptra. 



V. HEPATIC^E. Plants leafy or frondose; fruit in nearly globu- 



lar distinct capsules, destitute of lid and calyptra. 



f- -f Plants leafless nor leaf -like : colour rarely green. 



VI. LICHENES. Perennial plants, with a distinct frond resem- 



bling a crust, or a rosaceous lobed expansion, or a coria- 

 ceous membrane, or a branched coral ; the fructification 

 saucer-like receptacles, or tubercles, or black lines, either 

 scattered over the surface or placed on the tips of the 

 branches. 



VII. FUNGI. Polymorphous plants, generally of short duration, 



and always without a crust, fleshy, corky, filamentous, or 

 pulverulent; the seeds dispersed over the external sur- 

 face, or contained within peculiar membranes or organs. 



B. AQUATIC. 



VIII. ALGJE. Leafless, flowerless plants, with no distinct axis 

 of vegetation, consisting either of simple vesicles lying in 

 mucus, or of articulated filaments, or of lobed fronds, 

 formed of uniform cellular tissue. Fruit very various in 

 structure and position. 



