CRYPTOGAMIA LICHENES. 



Distinguished by the bright colour and neatness of its circu- 

 lar frond. The apothecia are numerous, small, at first 

 cupped, but in age assuming the form of tubercles. Their 

 disk is brown, of a tint, however, too light to affect the 

 uniformity of the colour to the eye. 



According to Mr GRIFFITH, " whose extensive knowledge 

 of this genus (Lichen), aided by long continued observa- 

 tion, stamps a high authority upon his opinions," this is 

 merely a different state or variety of the preceding ; an 

 opinion to which my own observations would incline me 

 to assent. Mr GRIFFITH informed Dr WITHERING that 

 he had long observed that the lichens with farinaceous 

 crusts become foliaceous, and that probably the L. muro- 

 rum, concolor, vitellina, and Parmelia parietina, are probably 

 the same plant under different circumstances. These re- 

 marks tend to prove the spurious nature of some of the 

 Acharian genera, but wanting the pomp of circumstantial 

 detail, they have been neglected or considered erroneous. 

 The investigations of MEYER, however, lead to the same 

 conclusions, which may now, perhaps, be considered as 

 established ; not because the latter u have not been con- 

 tradicted," but because they are in accordance with the 

 previous observations of a native botanist, not less accu- 

 rate and trust-worthy than the foreigner. 



47. LECIDEA. 

 * Apothecia black. 



1. L. confluens, crust greyish-white, tessellated, spreading; apo- 

 thecia scattered, black, becoming convex and like tubercles ; in- 

 ternally black, with a thin greyish layer beneath the disk 

 HOOK. Scot. ii. 37- Lichen conjluens, Eng. Bot. t. 1994. WITH. 

 iv. 8. 



Hah. On rocks and stones, common in this neighbourhood, 

 principally on sandstone. Hudshead. Lamberton 

 Moor. 



At first the apothecia are nearly even with the crust, but 

 latterly they rise like tubercles upon it. When on hard 

 stone the crust is bordered with a black line, and the stone 

 thus appears mapped over, but this border appears only 

 when two distinct patches come in contact. 



2. L. sanguinaria, crust greyish-white, coarsely granular ; apo- 



