390 CARDUACEAE. 



Leaf-blades at least the lower ones triangular or cordate. 



IV. TRIANGULARES. 



Leaf-blades neither triangular nor cordate. 

 Plant tall, 5-15 dm. high; heads numerous. 



V. SERRAE. 

 Plant low, 2-4 dm. high ; heads few. 



Heads radiate. VI. CRASSULI. 



Heads discoid. VII. RAPIFOLII. 



Leaves pinnatifid. XVI. ERIMOPHILI. 



Leaves or their divisions linear-filiform. XVII. LONGILOBI. 



Plants with the stem-leaves more or less reduced upwards. 



Rootstock very short, erect, of short duration, with numerous fleshy- 

 fibrous roots ; leaves dentate or entire. 

 Tall bog-plant, 5-15 dm. high; basal leaves long-petioled. 



VIII. HYDROPHILI. 

 Meadow or wood plants, 2-5 dm. high ; basal leaves comparatively short- 



petioled. 



Leaves sharply and densely dentate. VI. CRASSULI. 



Leaves entire-margined or denticulate, seldom sinuate-dentate. 



IX. INTEGERRIMI. 



Rootstock better developed, horizontal or ascending, woody. 

 Stem leafy, more than 2 dm. high. 



Stem stout ; rootstock not cespitose ; leaves callous denticulate or 



saliently dentate. 



Heads discoid ; leaves saliently dentate. VII. RAPIFOLII. 



Heads radiate ; leaves callous denticulate. 

 Leaves glabrous. X. GLAUCENTES. 



Leaves tomentose. XI. ATRATI. 



Stem slender ; rootstock usually more or less cespitose ; leaves neither 

 callous-denticulate nor saliently and closely dentate ; stem-leaves 

 in the larger forms usually pinnatifid. 

 Basal leaves entire, more or less white-tomentose. 



XII. CANI. 

 Basal leaves, at least most of them, toothed or pinnatifid. 



Leaves and stem more or less floccose, tardily becoming glabrate. 



XIII. TOMENTOSI. 



Leaves and stem glabrous or slightly floccose when young. 



XIV. AUREI. 

 Stem subscapose, less than 2 dm. high. XV. ANDICOLAE. 



I. PUDICI. 



Heads 12-20 mm. high, broadly campanulate. 



Mid-vein of the leaves long-villous. i. S. scopulinus. 

 Mid-vein of the leaves not villous. 



Involucre green ; plant more or less hairy. 2. 5". chloranthus. 



Involucres purple ; plant glabrous. 3. S. contristatus. 



Heads 8-10 mm. high, narrowly campanulate. 4. 5". pudicus. 



II. AMPLECTENTES. 



Stem-leaves clasping; stem over 15 cm. high. 5. S. amplectens. 



Stem-leaves not clasping, usually short-petioled. 



Stem 3 dm. or more high, leafy. 6. S. pagosanus. 



Stem less than 2 dm. high. 



Basal leaves gradually tapering into the petioles. 



Plant glabrous or nearly so ; leaves dentate ; bracts oblong. 



7. S\ Holmii. 

 Plant arachnoid ; leaves runcinate ; bracts narrowly lanceolate. 



8. S. taraxacoides. 

 Basal leaves abruptly contracted into the petioles. 9. 5". Soldanella. 



